Description about "land.raw"

file title : AARS Asia 30-second land cover
variables : land cover classes
data type : one byte binary raster
columns : 20,400
rows : 12,600
geographic reference : latitude / longitude
geographic coverage : Asia
latitude of the north end : + 90 degrees (North)
latitude of the south end : - 15 degrees (South)
longitude of the east end : - 165 degrees (West)
longitude of the west end : + 25 degrees (East)
grid size : 30 second
position of the center of the first (upper left corner) pixel
: 25 deg 0 min 15 sec east longitude , 89 deg 59 min 45 sec north latitude
position of the center of the last (lower right corner) pixel
: 165 deg 0 min 15 sec west longitude , 14 deg 59 min 45 sec south latitude
maximum position error
: within 0.5 pixel (15 second) compared with the Digital Chart of
  the World (DCW) for land area
time of the data : 1992
minimum value : 0
maximum value : 226
existing values : 0, 1, 10, 14, 16, 18, 24, 36, 44, 60, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 90, 94, 110, 120,
130, 132, 140, 141, 142, 160, 174, 182, 184, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 200,
210, 220, 222, 224, 226
0 : sea
1 : land area except Eurasia continent
10 - 226 : land cover classes



Land cover classification system (LCWG, AARS)

Land cover class (simplified name)
Class code
Vegetation 10
Forest or shrubland 12
Evergreen 14
Forest 16
Broadleaf 18
Natural 20
Tree crops 22
Oil palm 23
Coconut 24
Others 33
Needleleaf 36
Shrubland 42
Natural 44
Shrub crops 46
Tea 47
Others 57
Forest and shrubland 60
Deciduous 70
Forest 72
Broadleaf 74
Natural 76
Tree crops 78
Rubber 79
Others 87
Needleleaf 90
Shrubland 92
Natural 94
Shrub crops 96
Forest and shrubland 110
Mixed forest or shrubland 120
Grassland 130
Natural grassland / pasture 132
Grass crops 140
Paddy 141
Wheat 142
Sugarcane 143
Corn 144
Wheat and rice 146
Cotton 147
Others 157
Mixed vegetation 160
Wetland 170
Mangrove 172
Swamp 174
Little vegetation 180
Tundra 182
Others 184
Non vegetation 190
Bare ground 191
Rock 192
Stones or gravel 193
Sand 194
Clay 195
Perennial snow or ice 200
Built-up area 210
Water 220
Inland water 222
Water with seasonal change 224
Tidal flat 226
                             
 
Explanation of land cover classes
 
Class code : Class name and Explanation
10: Vegetation
Vegetation but cannot be interpreted into any class from 12 to 184;
hereafter the meaning of the underlined part is written like (12-184)
12: Forest or shrubland (14-120)
Forest or shrubs canopy cover is > 60%
14: Evergreen forest or shrubland (16-60)
Canopy is never without green foliage. Evergreen canopy cover > 60%
16: Evergreen forest (18-36)
Forest canopy cover is > 60%. Tree height is exceeding 3 meters.
18: Evergreen broadleaf forest (20-33)
20: Natural evergreen broadleaf forest
22: Evergreen broadleaf tree crops (23-33)
23: Oil palm
24: Coconut
33: Other evergreen broadleaf tree crops
36: Evergreen needleleaf forest
42: Evergreen shrubland (44-57)
shrubs canopy cover is > 60%. Tree height is less than 3 meters.
44: Natural evergreen shrubland
46: Evergreen shrub crops (47-57)
47: Tea
57: Other evergreen shrub crops
60: Evergreen forest and shrubland
10% < forest canopy cover < 60%, 10% < shrub canopy cover < 60%.
70: Deciduous forest or shrubland (72-110)
With an annual cycle of leaf-on and leaf-off periods. Deciduous canopy cover > 60%.
72: Deciduous forest (74-90)
Forest canopy cover is > 60%. Tree height exceeding 3 meters.
74: Deciduous broadleaf forest (76-87)
76: Natural deciduous broadleaf forest
78: Deciduous broadleaf tree crops (79-87)
79: Rubber
87: Other deciduous broadleaf tree crops
90: Deciduous needleleaf forest
92: Deciduous shrubland (94-107)
Shrub canopy cover is > 60%. Tree height is less than 3 meters.
94: Natural deciduous shrubland
96: Deciduous shrub crops (97-107)
110: Deciduous forest and shrubland
10% < forest canopy cover < 60%, 10% < shrub canopy cover < 60%
120: Mixed forest or shrubland
Neither evergreen nor deciduous forest or shrubs exceeds 60% of coverage.
130: Grassland (132-157)
Tree and shrub cover is less than 10%.
132: Natural grassland / pasture
140: Grass crops (141-157)
include cereal and other grass type crop
141: Paddy
142: Wheat
143: Sugarcane
144: Corn
146: Wheat and rice
147: Cotton
157: Other grass crops
160: Mixed vegetation
10% < forest or shrub canopy < 60%, 10% < grass cover < 60%,
include savanna and mixed land with cropland, shrubland, forest and few houses
170: Wetland (172-174)
172: Mangrove
174: Swamp
Any type of wetland with vegetation except mangrove
180: Little vegetation (182-184)
Vegetation cover is less than Grassland(130) and more than 10 % at the peak season.
182: Tundra
184: Other little vegetation
190: Non vegetation (191-210)
Vegetation cover is less than 10 % at any time of a year.
191: Bare ground (192-195)
192: Rock
193: Stones or gravel
194: Sand
195: Clay
200: Perennial snow or ice
210: Built-up area
220: Water (222-226)
222: Inland water
Lake, pond, river, reservoir
224: Water with seasonal change
Inland water with dry period
226: Tidal flat
For example, Evergreen forest and shrubland (60) is included in Evergreen forest or shrubland (14), Forest or shrubland (12) and Vegetation (10). Therefore an explanation of Evergreen forest and shrubland (60) includes the explanation of the classes, 14, 12 and 10. That is, the explanation, "Evergreen canopy cover > 60%", is included implicitly for Evergreen forest and shrubland (60).



Statistical result of land cover classification

The area percentage of the classified result is as follows. 100% means the whole land area in the data set "land.raw" exept the region with the value "1"(land area except Eurasia continent). That is Asia and Eurasia eastern from 25 degree longitude East. Since the land cover classification system has hierarchical structure, the area percentage below describes in different levels.

Grouped category
%
Vegetation (10 - 184)
84.17
Non vegetation (190 - 210)
13.91
Water (220 - 226)
1.92
total
100.0



Numbers in parenthesis is land cover class code

Grouped category
%
(area percentage of Vegetation(10.07%) corresponds the aera which cannot be classified any from "Forest or shrubland" to "Little vegetation" but was classified as "Vegetation".)
Vegetation (10)
10.07
Forest or shrubland(12 - 120)
28.18
Grassland (130 - 157)
32.08
Mixed vegetation (160)
0.84
Wetland (170 - 174)
1.00
Little vegetation (180 - 184)
12.00
Non vegetation (190)
0.42
Bare ground (191 - 195)
13.09
Perennial snow or ice (200)
0.39
Water (220)
1.92
total
100.0



Table Area percentage of the classified land covers

% in the parenthesis is the area % for each individual class.
% at the right end is the area % for classes under the class in the hierarchical structure, for example 7.72% of Forest includes Forest(4.04%), Broadleaf(0.4%), and Needleleaf(3.27%). 0.00% in a parenthesis means less than 0.005%. No parenthesis after the land cover class means that no pixel was classified to that land cover class.

Land cover class
%
Vegetation (10.07)
84.17
  Forest or shrubland
28.18
  Evergreen (0.95)
8.76
  Forest (4.04)
7.72
  Broadleaf (0.4)
0.40
  Natural
0.00
  Tree crops
0.00
  Oil palm
0.00
  Coconut (0.00)
0.00
  Others
0.00
  Needleleaf (3.27)
3.27
  Shrubland
0.06
  Natural (0.06)
0.06
  Shrub crops
0.00
  Tea
0.00
  Others
0.00
  Forest and shrubland (0.03)
0.03
  Deciduous (1.26)
19.17
  Forest (4.01)
17.58
  Broadleaf (1.20)
8.20
  Natural (7.00)
7.00
  Tree crops (0.00)
0.00
  Rubber
0.00
  Others
0.00
  Needleleaf (5.37)
5.37
  Shrubland
0.06
  Natural (0.06)
0.06
  Shrub crops
0.00
  Forest and shrubland (0.17)
0.17
  Mixed forest or shrubland (0.35)
0.35
  Grassland (13.08)
32.08
  Natural grassland / pasture (9.77)
9.77
  Grass crops (8.07)
9.23
  Paddy (0.57)
0.57
  Wheat (0.58)
0.58
  Sugarcane
0.00
  Corn
0.00
  Wheat and rice
0.00
  Cotton
0.00
  Others
0.00
  Mixed vegetation (0.84)
0.84
  Wetland
1.00
  Mangrove
0.00
  Swamp (1.00)
1.00
  Little vegetation
12.00
  Tundra (5.79)
5.79
  Others (6.21)
6.21
Non vegetation (0.42)
13.91
  Bare ground (8.34)
13.09
  Rock (3.17)
3.17
  Stones or gravel (0.84)
0.84
  Sand (0.74)
0.74
  Clay
0.00
  Perennial snow or ice (0.39)
0.39
  Built-up area (0.01)
0.00
Water (1.92)
1.92
  Inland water (0.00)
0.00
  Water with seasonal change (0.00)
0.00
  Tidal flat (0.00)
0.00
Total (100.0)
 
                   

Class, "Water", includes neither Caspian Sea nor Aral Sea because they are excluded in
the AVHRR data by the flag value. Class, "Water", includes other lakes and rivers.